SAQs for APUSH Topic 4.5 — Market Revolution (Industrialization)

Four short answer questions designed to help students review for the annual exam and that relate to a fundamental transformation of the United States economy throughout the first half of the 19th century.

1. Between 1800–1848 entrepreneurs helped to create a market revolution (aka the first industrial revolution). What was the market revolution? Market revolution innovations included textile machinery, steam engines, interchangeable parts, the telegraph, and various agricultural inventions. Name two things, other than textile machinery, that were powered by the steam engine? Name an agricultural invention developed between 1800–1848 that increased the efficiency of production methods.
2. During the market revolution (aka the first industrial revolution), legislation and judicial systems supported the development of roads, canals, and railroads. Name and briefly describe a canal built between 1800–1848. Briefly describe one historically significant impact of this canal. Name and briefly describe a road built between 1800–1848. Briefly describe one historically significant impact of this road. Name and briefly describe a railroad built between 1800–1848. Briefly describe one historically significant impact of this railroad. Where, in terms of the region of the country, were these canals, railroads, and roads constructed? The northeast? The south or the west? Where, in terms of direction, did the canal flow, the railroads run, and the roads lead? North to south or east to west? The roads, railroads, and canals constructed during the market revolution passed through what mountain range?
3. During the market revolution, increasing Southern cotton production and the related growth of Northern manufacturing, banking, and shipping industries promoted the development of national and international commercial ties. Name one thing that was primarily manufactured in the north? The Lowel Mills are often mentioned by historians when discussing the market revolution and northern manufacturing. What were the Lowel Mills?
4. The market revolution had a great impact on the Northeast, the Midwest, and the South. Provide an explanation in support of each portion of this claim.